CONTROLLING IN MANAGEMENT

CONTROLLING MEANS?

Controlling is a systematic process that called process of checking actual performance against the standards or plans with a view to ensure adequate progress and also recording such experience as is gained as the possible future needs.

Controlling has got two basic purposes.Those are facilitatesco-ordinaton and helps in planning.There are also some features for controlling. Controlling is an end function- A function which comes once the performances are made in confirmities with plans.For example, controlling is a pervasive function which means it is performed by managers at all levels and in all type of concerns. Furthermore, controlling is forward looking because effective control is not possible without past being controlled. Controlling always look to future so that follow-up can be made whenever required.Controlling is a dynamic process- since controlling requires taking reviewal methods, changes have to be made wherever possible.Controlling is related with planning- Planning and Controlling are two inseperable functions of management. Without planning, controlling is a meaningless exercise and without controlling, planning is useless. Planning presupposes controlling and controlling succeeds planning.

REMINDER !!!!!

Controlling in Management

Controlling in Management

The word Control is defined a component of the executives which assists with checking mistakes so as to take restorative activities. This is done to limit deviation from norms and guarantee that the expressed objectives of the association are accomplished in an ideal way. Plus Controlling is also the process of ensuring that actual activities conform to planned activities.

The word Management can be characterized as the way toward overseeing and controlling the undertakings of the association, independent of its temperament, type, structure and size. It is a demonstration of making and keeping up such a business domain wherein the individuals from the association can cooperate, and accomplish business targets proficiently and adequately.

So what is exactly ‘Controlling in Management’ means?

Controlling in a management helps the managers in monitor the benefits of their arranging, sorting out, and driving exercises. It also can also be viewed as detecting and correcting significant variations in the results obtained from planned activities.

Importance of Controlling in Management?

If you’re planning in a management without controlling is considered no use at all.

·        Helps keeping up with the changes

The control function helps managers to respond to these environmental changes as and when necessary

·        Creating a industry with a better quality

Employees are empowered to inspect and improve their work and this also helps change their attitudes and approaches to achieving effective control.

·        Make the production cycle of products faster.

Control helps to speed up the cycles involved in creating and then delivering new products and services to customers.

·        Increases teamwork among the management

Under a new participative system, managers communicate the standards, but then let employees, either as individuals or as teams, use their creativity to decide how to solve certain work problems.

Introduction to management (Controlling)

Definition: Control is a primary goal-oriented function of management in an organisation. It is a process of comparing the actual performance with the set standards of the company to ensure that activities are performed according to the plans and if not then taking corrective action.

Every manager needs to monitor and evaluate the activities of his subordinates. It helps in taking corrective actions by the manager in the given timeline to avoid contingency or company’s loss.

Controlling is performed at the lower, middle and upper levels of the management.

Features of Controlling

An effective control system has the following features:

• It helps in achieving organizational goals.
• Facilitates optimum utilization of resources.
• It evaluates the accuracy of the standard.
• It also sets discipline and order.
• Motivates the employees and boosts employee morale.
• Ensures future planning by revising standards.
• Improves overall performance of an organization.
• It also minimises errors.

Controlling and planning are interrelated for controlling gives an important input into the next planning cycle. Controlling is a backwards-looking function which brings the management cycle back to the planning function. Planning is a forward-looking process as it deals with the forecasts about the future conditions.

Process of Controlling

Control process involves the following steps as shown in the figure:

Establishing standards: This means setting up of the target which needs to be achieved to meet organisational goals eventually. Standards indicate the criteria of performance.

Control standards are categorized as quantitative and qualitative standards. Quantitative standards are expressed in terms of money. Qualitative standards, on the other hand, includes intangible items.

Measurement of actual performance: The actual performance of the employee is measured against the target. With the increasing levels of management, the measurement of performance becomes difficult.

Comparison of actual performance with the standard: This compares the degree of difference between the actual performance and the standard.

Taking corrective actions: It is initiated by the manager who corrects any defects in actual performance.

Controlling process thus regulates companies’ activities so that actual performance conforms to the standard plan. An effective control system enables managers to avoid circumstances which cause the company’s loss.

Types of control

There are three types of control

Feedback Control: This process involves collecting information about a finished task, assessing that information and improvising the same type of tasks in the future.

Concurrent control: It is also called real-time control. It checks any problem and examines it to take action before any loss is incurred. Example: control chart.

Predictive/ feedforward control: This type of control helps to foresee problem ahead of occurrence. Therefore action can be taken before such a circumstance arises.

In an ever-changing and complex environment, controlling forms an integral part of the organization.

Advantages of controlling

Saves time and energy

Allows managers to concentrate on important tasks. This allows better utilization of the managerial resource.

Helps in timely corrective action to be taken by the manager.

Managers can delegate tasks so routinely chores can be completed by subordinates.

On the contrary, controlling suffers from the constraint that the organization has no control over external factors. It can turn out to be a costly affair, especially for small companies.

Introduction to Management (Influencing)

Influencing.

source; google images

 
    What is management? Before we go even deeper about this topic, we should know what is the meaning of management itself. So, according to managementsudyhq.com, management means essential for an organized life and necessary to run all types of management. Good management is the backbone of successful organizations. Managing life means getting things done to achieve life’s objectives and managing an organization means getting things done with and through other people to achieve its objectives.

   In simplest words, management is the administration of an organization, whether it is a business, a not-for-profit organization, or government body. In this topic, I would discuss the influencing aspect in this management things.

 

    Influencing skills require a business person to take others’ perspectives into account. It involves getting people to change their minds about a topic and to act in a certain way by acknowledging their opinions. Influencing people is about getting something done instead of complaining that it is a certain way.

source; google images

  There are so many ways to influence people but I would like share three main ways of it. Logical appeals tap into people’s rational and intellectual positions. You present an argument for the best choice of action based on organizational benefits, personal benefits, or both, appealing to people’s minds.


  Next, emotional appeals connect your message, goal, or project to individual goals and values. An idea that promotes a person’s feelings of well-being, service, or sense of belonging tugs at the heart and has a good chance of gaining support.

  Furthermore, Cooperative appeals involve collaboration (what will you do together?), consultation (what ideas do other people have?), and alliances (who already supports you or has the credibility you need?). Working together to accomplish a mutually important goal extends a hand to others in the organization and is an extremely effective way of influencing.

source; google images

 Leaders who effectively use these influencing skills can achieve their goals and objectives more successfully than leaders who lack that ability, regardless of where they sit in an organization.

source; google images

Which Influence Tactic Is Right for You?

Here’s how to choose the best influencing tactic for your situation. To understand what might work best for a specific task or strategy, consider the following:

1. Assess the situation

2. Know your audience

3. Review your ability

4. Brainstorm your approach

    You might want to try out new influencing tactics in low-risk situations, practicing one-on-one. Focus on developing the 4 key skills needed to influence others. As you become more versatile and experienced, you’ll gain confidence in your ability to influence teams and larger groups, and to persuade others in higher-stakes situations.


 

source; google images

INTRODUCTION OF MANAGEMENT PLANNING

INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT PLANNING

source : google images

DEFINITON :

     

    Process of identifying an organization's immediate and long-term objectives, and formulating and monitoring specific strategies to achieve them. It also entails staffing and resource allocation, and is one of the most important responsibilities of a management team.

TYPES OF PLANNING :

soure : google images

   As stated in the diagram, there are many types of organizational plan. But basically, operational plans, tactical plans and strategic plans were the base of management planning. 

1. Strategic Plans : define the framework of the organization’s vision and how the organization intends to make its vision a reality.

• -It is the determination of the long-term objectives of an enterprise, the action plan to be adopted and the resources to be mobilized to achieve these goals.
• -Since it is planning the direction of the company’s progress, it is done by the top management of an organization.
• -It essentially focuses on planning for the coming years to take the organization from where it stands today to where it intends to be.
• 
  

2. Tactical Plans : describe the tactics that the managers plan to adopt to achieve the objectives set in the strategic plan.

• -Tactical plans span a short time frame (usually less than 3 years) and are usually developed by middle level managers.
• -It details specific means or action plans to implement the strategic plan by units within each division.
• -Tactical plans entail detailing resource and work allocation among the subunits within each division.

3. Operational Plans : are short-term (less than a year) plans developed to create specific action steps that support the strategic and tactical plans.

• -They are usually developed by the manager to fulfill his or her job responsibilities.
• -They are developed by supervisors, team leaders, and facilitators to support tactical plans.
• -They govern the day-to-day operations of an organization.

  

IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING : 

source : google images

    

    Strategic planning is important to an organization because it provides a sense of direction and outlines measurable goals. Strategic planning is a tool that is useful for guiding day-to-day decisions and also for evaluating progress and changing approaches when moving forward. In order to make the most of strategic planning, your company should give careful thought to the strategic objectives it outlines, and then back up these goals with realistic, thoroughly researched, quantifiable benchmarks for evaluating results.

PLANNING CYCLE :

source : google images

INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS MANAGEMENT ( CONTROLLING)

Controlling is the way toward guaranteeing that real exercises comply with arranged exercises.

Arranging and controlling are firmly related.Controlling is more unavoidable than arranging. 

Controlling assists chiefs with observing the adequacy of their arranging, sorting out, and driving exercises.Controlling figures out what is being practiced — that is, assessing the presentation and, if important, taking remedial measures with the goal that the exhibition happens as per plans.

Controlling can likewise be seen as distinguishing and remedying huge varieties in the outcomes got from arranged exercises.

Significance of Controlling in Management

1. Arranging without controlling is pointless.

Without a doubt, controlling additionally assists administrators with checking natural changes and the impacts of these progressions on the associations' advancement.

2. Adapting to changes

Each cutting edge association needs to adapt to changes in the earth.New items and innovations develop, government guidelines are again and again altered or sanctioned, and contenders change their systems. The control work causes chiefs to react to these ecological changes as and when vital.

3. Making better quality

Present day businesses follow all out quality administration (TQM) which has prompted sensational upgrades in charge. Under it, process blemishes are spotted, and the procedure is cleansed of mix-ups.Representatives are engaged to review and improve their work and this additionally helps change their frames of mind and ways to deal with accomplishing viable control.There are multitudinous models in which the TQM program had reestablished quality, decline cost and increment the creation of mammoth associations that went up against dangers of shutdowns inferable from low quality, significant expense and declining efficiency.

4. Making quicker cycles

Control assists with accelerating the cycles associated with making and afterward conveying new items and administrations to clients.

 Speed is basic in conforming to clients' requests.

 In any case, current showcasing directors must recollect that the present clients anticipate speed as well as altered items and administrations.Unmistakably the best organizations attempt to customize things and tailor them to singular needs. The most effectively target tight client specialties with explicit models.

5. Including esteem

An association that endeavors to get by through challenge ought to have the option to "include esteem" to items or administrations with the goal that clients incline toward them to those offered by the association's adversaries.

 All the time this additional worth appears as better than expected quality accomplished through demanding control methodology.

6. Encouraging designation and collaboration

Present day participative administration has changed the idea of the control procedure. Under the customary framework, the chief would determine both the measures for execution and the strategies for accomplishing them.

 Under another participative framework, chiefs convey the principles, however then let representatives, either as people or as groups, utilize their innovativeness to conclude how to take care of certain work issues.The control procedure, at that point, lets the supervisor screen the representatives' advancement without hampering workers' innovativeness or association with the work.

Highlights of Controlling Function

Following are the attributes of controlling capacity of the board-

Controlling is an end work A capacity which comes once the exhibitions are made in confirmities with plans.

 Controlling is an unavoidable capacity which implies it is performed by directors at all levels and in all sort of concerns.

 Controlling is forward looking-on the grounds that compelling control is beyond the realm of imagination without past being controlled. Controlling consistently look to future so that follow-up can be made at whatever point required.

 Controlling is a unique procedure since controlling requires taking reviewal techniques, changes must be made at every possible opportunity.

INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT (ORGANIZING)

ORGANIZING

Organizing  is the establishment of effective authority relationships among selected work, persons and work places in order for the group to work together efficiently.The process of dividing work into sections and departments.The organizing of information could be seen since humans began to write. Prior to that, history was passed down only through song and word. As can be seen with religion, books and spoken word, science organizing not only is history, but also supports the communication of history.

SOURCE:GOOGLE IMAGE

PLANS FOR ORGANIZATION

• Identifying and grouping of the work to be performed.
• Defining and determining responsibility and authority for each job position.
• Establishing relationship among various job positions.
• Determining detailed rules and regulations of working for individuals and groups in organization.

SOURCE:GOOGLE IMAGE

The important factors which are to be taken into consideration in the process of designing of the organizational structure.

• Environment – The environment is relevant for behaviour and the organization structure. The most important characteristics of environment that determine organization structure are complexity, stability , and uncertainty.

• Technology – It enables transformation of organizational inputs into outputs and it is an important determinant of the internal efficiency of the organization. Technology includes technical equipment for manufacturing, knowledge and ability for using the equipment, and working activity necessary for the transformation process.

• Strategy – Starting from its internal potentials, chances and threats of environment, the organization designs its strategy for the realization of the objectives. This strategy requires a certain organization structure as the frame. 

• Size – Connection between the size of the organization and its organizational structure is very easy to notice.

SOURCE:GOOGLE IMAGE

Process of organizing
Organizing, like planning, is a process which is to be carefully worked out and applied. The process of organizing consists of the following five steps:

• Identification of activities – Each organization exists for fulfilling a specific purpose. This purpose identifies the activities which are performed by the organization. 

• Grouping of activities – Once the activities have been identified, then there is a necessity that they are grouped. The activities are grouped in various ways. The activities which are similar in nature can be grouped as one and a separate department can be created.

• Assignment of responsibilities – Having completed the exercise of identifying, grouping and classifying of all activities into specific jobs, the individual employees comes into picture since the employees are to be assign with the responsibilities to take care of activities related to the specific jobs.

• Granting authority – On the basis of specific responsibilities given to individual employees, they are to be provided with the necessary authority for the discharge of the assigned responsibilities in order to ensure their effective performance of the organization.

• Establishing relationship – This is a very important part of the organizing function since each employee in the organization is to know as to whom to report and which are the employee who are to work with him.This structure of relationships also facilitates the delegation.

SOURCE:GOOGLE IMAGE

ORGANIZING PRINCIPLES

• Principle of specialization – According to the principle, the entire work of the organization is to be shared among the subordinates based on their qualifications, abilities and skills.

• Principle of functional definition – The principle states that all the work in the organization is to be fully and clearly described to the managers and subordinates.

• Principles of supervision or span of control – The principle states that the span of control shows the number of employees that a single manager can handle and control efficiently.

• Principle of scalar chain – It is that chain of command or authorization in which there is minimum wastage of resources, communication is unaffected, overlapping of work is prevented, and this facilitates effective organization.

• Principle of unity of command – As per this principle, one subordinate is accountable to only one superior at one time. This helps in preventing lack of communication and feedback and also brings about quick response.

SOURCE:GOOGLE IMAGE

ADVANTAGES OF ORGANIZING

1. Increase In Managerial Efficiency: A good and balanced organization helps the managers to increase their efficiency
2. Proper Utilization of Resources: Through the medium of organization optimum utilization of all the available human and material resources of an enterprise becomes possible.
3. Sound Communication Possible: Communication is essential for taking the right decision at the right time. However, the establishment of a good communication system is possible only through an organization.
4. Facilitates Coordination: In order to attain successfully the objectives of the organization, coordination among various activities in the organization is essential. Organization is the only medium which makes coordination possible.
5. Increase in Specialization: Under organization the whole work is divided into different parts. Competent persons are appointed to handle all the sub-works and by handling a particular work repeatedly they become specialists.

SOURCE:GOOGLE IMAGE

planning

INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT

PLANNING

WHAT IS PLANNING???

Planning is the process of thinking about the activities required to achieve a desired goal. It is the first and foremost activity to achieve desired results. It involves the creation and maintenance of a plan, such as psychological aspects that require conceptual skills.

TYPES OF PLANNING.

·         

 Strategic plans 

Operational plans

Tactical plans

·         

CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANNING

Google Image

IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING

§  It helps managers to improve future performance, by establishing objectives and selecting a course of action, for the benefit of the organisation.

§  It minimises risk and uncertainty, by looking ahead into the future.

§  It facilitates the coordination of activities. Thus, reduces overlapping among activities and eliminates unproductive work.

§  It states in advance, what should be done in future, so it provides direction for action.

§  It uncovers and identifies future opportunities and threats.

§  It sets out standards for controlling. It compares actual performance with the standard performance and efforts are made to correct the same.

STEPS INVOLVED IN PLANNING

Google Image