Tuesday, January 21, 2020

planning


INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT
PLANNING

WHAT IS PLANNING???

Planning is the process of thinking about the activities required to achieve a desired goal. It is the first and foremost activity to achieve desired results. It involves the creation and maintenance of a plan, such as psychological aspects that require conceptual skills.

TYPES OF PLANNING.
·         
  •  Strategic plans 
  • Operational plans

  • Tactical plans

  • ·         
    CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANNING

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    IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING


    §  It helps managers to improve future performance, by establishing objectives and selecting a course of action, for the benefit of the organisation.
    §  It minimises risk and uncertainty, by looking ahead into the future.
    §  It facilitates the coordination of activities. Thus, reduces overlapping among activities and eliminates unproductive work.
    §  It states in advance, what should be done in future, so it provides direction for action.
    §  It uncovers and identifies future opportunities and threats.
    §  It sets out standards for controlling. It compares actual performance with the standard performance and efforts are made to correct the same.

    STEPS INVOLVED IN PLANNING



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